英语写作方法论笔记
Table of Contents
颉斌斌2025考研英语写作方法论讲稿笔记
语言亮点设计
静态化设计
汉语是动态型语言,一个句子中可以有多个动词,动词也可以充当句子的多个成分。而英语是静态型语言,多使用名词、介词及其短语。因此,在英语写作中,将动词转换为名词或介词短语,更符合英语思维。
名词化
比如,核心词义用名词表达
There was + 程度 + 变化 + 范围 + in + 主题. (静态语言)
There was a dramatic increase of 10% from 2008 to 2015 in the market share of Chinese brands.
There was a steep drop of 10% from 2008 to 2015 in the market share of Chinese brands.
中国品牌的市场份额从2008年到2015年激增/骤降了10%。
既可作名词又可作动词的单词
单词 | 动词词义 | 名词词义 |
---|---|---|
run | 跑;奔跑 | 跑步;赛跑 |
walk | 散步 | 步行 |
risk | 冒……的危险 | 危险 |
look | 看;寻找 | 看 |
record | 记载 | 记录 |
plan | 计划;规划 | 计划;规划 |
light | 照亮;点燃 | 光;光线 |
answer | 回答;答复 | 答复;答案 |
dream | 做梦 | 梦想 |
strike | 击;撞 | 袭击 |
hit | 撞击;碰撞 | 打击;命中 |
access | 进入;获取 | 入口;通道 |
call | 给……命名 | 通话;召唤 |
eclipse | 使黯然失色 | 消失;丧失 |
effect | 实现;引起 | 作用;影响 |
fall | 降落;倒塌 | 下降;降低 |
fail | 失败;未能做到 | 失败 |
gain | 获得;赢得 | 增加;好处 |
offer | 提供;给予 | 提供;报价 |
reach | 到达;抵达 | 伸手可及的距离 |
test | 试验;测试 | 测验;检查 |
use | 使用 | 用途 |
value | 重视 | 价值 |
介词化
中文的动词在英文表达中,可以使用“系动词 + 动词”或是“名词 + 介词”的形式替换。
比如,使用“be + 介词短语”替换
The number of urban residents has been on the rise.
The number of urban residents has been in decline.
城市人口的数量一直在增加/下降。
表动词含义的“介词 + 名词”短语
短语 | 释义 | 短语 | 释义 |
---|---|---|---|
in conclusion | 总而言之 | on foot | 步行 |
with one’s own eyes | 亲眼看见 | by hand | 亲手 |
out of sight | 消失;看不见 | out of work | 失业 |
off duty | 下班 | above suspicion | 无可怀疑 |
at the sight of | 看到 | at the news of | 听到 |
at the thought of | 想到 | beyond control | 难以控制 |
beyond belief | 难以置信 | by appointment | 约定 |
by virtue of | 凭借 | in violation | 违反 |
in fun | 开玩笑 | in debt | 负债 |
in fashion | 流行 | in quest of | 寻求 |
in memory of | 纪念 | in a fever | 发烧;情绪激动 |
in touch | 联系 | in doubt | 怀疑 |
in favour of | 赞成 | in honor of | 对……表示敬意 |
on strike | 罢工 | on guard | 警戒 |
on view | 在展出 | on holiday | 度假 |
on (the) decline | 在下降 | on fire | 失火 |
under the control of | 在……控制之下 | on the increase/rise | 增加 |
under sb’s supervision | 在某人监督下 | under the guidance of | 在……的领导下 |
in my opinion | 在我看来 |
插入语
插入语是指置于句子前、中、后的单词、短语或句子,在语法上是句子结构之外的独立成分,忽略它不会损害全句语法结构的完整性。灵活使用插入语,可以让句式富有跳跃感,让语言更丰富、地道。
比如,Intelligence, it turns out(原来), is a high-priced option.
原来,智力是一种代价高昂的选择。
插入语的常见表达
表达 | 释义 | 表达 | 释义 |
---|---|---|---|
under any circumstances | 在任何情况下 | in fact | 事实上 |
in large part | 在很大程度上 | to some extent | 在某种程度上 |
in any case | 无论怎样,不管怎样 | needless to say | 不用说;毫无疑问 |
as is known to us all | 众所周知 | of course | 当然 |
in one’s opinion | 在某人看来 | above all | 首先;最重要的是 |
first of all | 首先 | by the way | 顺便 |
in short | 简而言之 | as a matter of fact | 事实上 |
on the other hand | 从另一方面来说 | in conclusion | 总而言之 |
certainly | 当然 | surely | 无疑 |
indeed | 的确 | however | 然而 |
fortunately | 幸运的是 | luckily | 幸运的是 |
probably | 大概 | personally | 就个人来讲 |
honestly | 老实说 | though | 尽管 |
besides | 而且 | exactly | 确切地 |
frankly | 老实说 | to be frank | 坦率地说 |
to tell(you) the truth | 老实说 | so to speak | 可以说 |
generally speaking | 一般来讲 | strictly speaking | 严格地说 |
judging from/by | 根据… …来判断 | talking of | 谈到 |
I think | 我认为 | I hope | 我希望 |
I’m afraid | 恐怕 | worse still | 更糟糕的是 |
strange to say | 说也奇怪 | most important of all | 最重要的是 |
it作形式主语
英语比较忌讳“头重脚轻”的表达方式,尤其是一个句子中出现了较长的主语,因此英语巧妙采用了“形式主语”这一解决方式,将较长的主语放到句末,用it作为“形式主语”填补主语的位置。学会灵活使用“形式主语”能够使语言更加地道。
比如,It is generally recognized(形式主语) that setting a good example for kids, under any circumstances(插入语), tends to be of great/enormous importance(静态化).
人们普遍认为,在任何情况下,为孩子们树立一个好榜样都是非常重要的。
it作形式主语的常见句型
句型 | 释义 |
---|---|
It is generally recognized that… | 人们普遍认为…… |
It has been found that… | 人们已经发现…… |
It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… | 可以毫不夸张地说…… |
It can not be denied that… | 不可否认…… |
It is reported that… | 据报道…… |
It must be admitted that… | 必须承认…… |
It is imagined that… | 人们认为…… |
It will be seen from this that… | 由此可知…… |
It must be pointed out that… | 必须指出…… |
It should be realized that… | 必须认识到…… |
It is no use/ good doing sth | 做某事没有用处/好处 |
It is a waste of time doing sth | 做某事是浪费时间的 |
It is certain that… | 肯定…… |
It is likely/ possible that… | 可能…… |
It is a pity/shame that… | 真遗憾/可惜…… |
It is a fact that… | 事实是…… |
It is a wonder that… | 令人惊奇的是…… |
It seems/ appears that… | 似乎/看起来…… |
It happens that… | 碰巧…… |
It occurs to/ comes to/ strikes/ hits sb that… | 某人突然想到…… |
It is believed that… | 人们相信…… |
It is said that… | 据说…… |
It is suggested that… | 有人建议…… |
It is thought that… | 大家认为…… |
名人名言
在考研写作中,名人名言应该“就地取材”,人名自己编,可以带上职务和单位,书本附录中补充了世界著名大学名称、常用国内机构名称以及世界各大组织名称,最好选取一个“万能”的职务和单位背下来。人名一定不要是名人。名言利用后面讲解的四大万能理由套用编写。
比如:
As Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley Colleage in Massachusetts, puts it, “It is generally recognized that protecting environment, under any circumstances, tends to be of great/enormous important.”
正如马萨诸塞州本特利学院社区服务主任Edward Zlotkowski所说:“人们普遍认为,在任何情况下,保护环境都是非常重要的。”
非灵主语
一般来说,英语语言的语体越正式,非灵主语使用的频率就越高,这是因为非灵主语能够让语言表达更加客观、理性。在考研英语写作中,适当使用非灵主语,能够让语言表达更加 书面化。
比如:
- An idea came/flashed into my mind. (我有一个想法。)
- Confidence deserted (抛弃) him. (他丧失了信心。)
调查研究
在考研写作中,调查研究也应该是自己编写的,重点把数据的出处写具体,在书本附录中补充了世界著名大学名称、常用国内机构名称以及世界各大组织名称,建议选择一个“万能”通用性广的机构名称背下来。同时应该将数据写具体,并且最好 > 60%,比如83.2%等。
调查研究句式模板
- Despending upon a rough estimate of the relevant department, nearly 86.2% of the respondents hold the same view.
译文:根据有关部门的粗略估计,近86.2%的受访者持相同观点。
- A recent Internet questionnaire of the relevant department indicates that approximately 86.2% of the respondents hold the same view.
译文:有关部门最近的一份网络问卷显示,约86.2%的受访者持相同观点。
- Based upon a recent offiicial report, roughly 86.2% of the respondents hold the same view.
译文:根据最近的一份官方报告,大约86.2%的受访者持相同观点。
无病呻吟
反向阐述,这是指在把某个观点从正面陈述一遍后,可以从反面对其进行重申。在行文中,可以用条件状语从句,即**“If (否定),主句(否定)”**,通过双重否定来表示肯定意味。
比如,if no surplus is available, a farmer connot be self-satisfied. 如果没有剩余,农民就不能自我满足。
在写作中,要摆脱谈到否定就用“助动词 + not”结构的思维,为了使语言更高级,可以使用:
- “no + 核心名词”,如have no intention of doing sth、have no idea of doing sth。
- 否定副词,如never、seldom、rarely、hardly、scarcely。
- fail to do sth等表述,表达否定的意思。
图画作文
第一段写法
第一段一共需要写2~3句话。
- 第一步,引出主题。用一个简短的句子引出主题。
- 第二步,描述图片。对图画中跟主题密切相关的关键信息进行简要描述。(难点)
- 第三步,评价图片。结合自己的认知对图画寓意进行简单的评价。(可有可无)
引出主题
在考场上只需要将主题词套用到模板中,就可以完成本句的写作。写作主题词总结在附录中。
引出主题的常用句式
The animated cartoon reminds its readers of the significance of (主题词).
译文:看到这幅生动的漫画,人们想到了(主题词)的重要性。
What is presented to us in the picture is the importance of (主题词).
译文:漫画呈现给我们的是(主题词)的重要性。
Nothing can get us denying that (主题词), under any circumstances, tends to be of great /enormous importance.
译文:不可否认,在任何情况下,(主题词)往往都很重要。
What is depicted in the picture draws our attention to (主题词).
译文:这幅画所描绘的东西将我们的注意力引向(主题词)。
What is highlighted in the picture is the importance of (主题词).
译文:这幅画强调的是(主题词)的重要性。
The animated cartoon reminds its readers of the significance of (主题词).
译文:这幅生动的漫画提醒人们(主题词)的重要性。
The picture is an excellent reminder that (主题词) is worth paying attention to.
译文:这幅画很好地提醒了我们(主题词)值得关注。
The theme that (主题词) is profound is what the painter tries to convey in the picture.
译文:(主题词)意义重大这一主题是画家试图在画中传达的。
At present, the topic of (主题词) has been a matter of great concern for the general public.
译文:如今,(主题词)的话题已经成为老百姓关心的事情。
It goes without saying that (主题词), in any case, tends to be of great /enormous importance.
译文:不言而喻,在任何情况下,(主题词)往往都很重要。
It cannot be denied that (主题词), under any circumstances, tends to be of great / enormous importance.
译文:不可否认,在任何情况下,(主题词)都很重要。
Glancing at the picture, we cannot help being shocked by what the characters in the scene did.
译文:看到这幅漫画,我们不禁惊讶于场景中人物所做的事。(无主题词)
以上这些常用的句式,选取一句背诵,可更换里面的单词,进行个性化的加工,避免大众化。
描述图片
描述画面的内容大体可分为两部分:引入语 + 图画描述。由于图画描述是难点,接下来先讲图画描述。
图片描述
- 梳理词汇:抓大放小,不抠细节。
- 组词成句:多个短句,保证正确。
- 组合化简:
① 组合:
- 组合——并列结构
整合为并列举就是使用并列连词,如and、but,将两个或者多个在语义上相互关联的句子合成一句。
- 短句主语一致,用连词连接谓语和宾语。即 S1 + V2 + O1 + 连词 + V2 + O2;
- 短句主语不一致,用连词连接主语、谓语和宾语。即 S1 + V1 + O1 + 连词 + S2 + V2 + O2。
- 组合——复合结构
通过将其中一部分句子改写成介词短语、非谓语动词或从句等手段,将两个或者多个在语义上相互关联的句子合成一句。
- 短句主语一致,将第二个主语省略,改变第二个谓语,变成非谓语动词。即 S1 + V1 + O1, (with) + 变V2 + O2;
- 短句主语不一致,两句的主语都不能省略,改变第二个谓语,变成独立主格形式,如 S1 + V1 + O1, (with) + S2 + 变V2 + O2;也可以添加一些从属连词,使句子丧失独立性,成为从句,如 when等从属化连词 + S1 + V1 + O1, S2 + V2 + O2。
注意:谓语动词的变化规则(66句中讲解过)
A. be + 其他 ${\longrightarrow}$ 其他
B. 情态动词 + 动词原形 ${\longrightarrow}$ to do
C. 非be / 非情态动词 ${\longrightarrow}$ doing
独立主格结构:独立主格结构一般由两部分组成,即“名词 / 代词 + 非谓语动词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 名词 / 介词短语”,两者具有逻辑上的主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中通常作为状语,用来表示时间、原因、田间、伴随、目的和状态等。
② 简化:
- 简化——定语从句简化
定语从句简化的条件是关系代词在定语从句中作主语。简化的步骤为:
第一步,省略关系代词;第二步,变定语从句中的谓语动词(大多数情况下变为非谓语)。
谓语动词变化的规则依旧是:A. be + 其他 ${\longrightarrow}$ 其他;B. 情态动词 + 动词原形 ${\longrightarrow}$ to do;C. 非be / 非情态动词 ${\longrightarrow}$ doing。
- 简化——状语从句的简化
状语从句的简化条件是状语从句的主语 = 主句的主语。简化的步骤为:
第一步,判断是否需要省略状语从句的连接词;第二步,将状语从句的主语省略;第三步,变状语从句的谓语动词。
谓语动词变化的规则依旧是:A. be + 其他 ${\longrightarrow}$ 其他;B. 情态动词 + 动词原形 ${\longrightarrow}$ to do;C. 非be / 非情态动词 ${\longrightarrow}$ doing。
补充:若是在考试过程中有单词不会写,不会表达怎么办?引申、扩大、缩小词义。
- 转换汉语词义(进行解释),如“相携” ${\longrightarrow}$ “相互帮助”(helping each other)
- 抽象词义具体化,如“创业” ${\longrightarrow}$ “开公司”(start business)
- 具体名词抽象化,如“西瓜皮” ${\longrightarrow}$ “垃圾”(trash/garbage)
- 英语同义替换,如“挫折”(setback)${\longrightarrow}$ “困难”(trouble/difficulty)
图片描述救命策略(实在写不出来再用):
① The main information in the picture [drawing/painting/cartoon] is that there be + (图片主要人物/事物) + (doing/done……), which can be a / an obvious [vivid/apparent/actual/veritable/exact] embodiment [expression] of the theme [topic].
其中[ ]中的单词可替换前面的单词,其词义是类似的,可以互相替换,组合出更多不同的句子。
比如:The main information in the painting is that there is an old man and a women talking about a dragon boating race, which can be a vivid embodiment of the theme.
译文:这幅画的主要信息是一对再谈论龙舟赛的老夫老妻。该图是对这一主题的形象体现。
② The image that best represents the topic is the vivid cartoon scene of sb/sth (图片主要人物/事物) + (doing/done……).
译文:最能代表这个话题的形象是某人做某事 / 某事被做的生动的卡通场景。
引出图片
在描述图片之前,还需要一个可以引出图画描述的句式,这一方面比较死板可以直接背固定句式。
- 非定法:使用一个非限制性定语从句引出图画描述
如:As is vividly portrayed in the ridiculous pictures, …
译文:正如这幅滑稽的图画所栩栩如生地揭示的那样,…
该定语从句的结构如下。
As is | vividly 生动地 | portrayed 描绘 | in the | ridiculous 滑稽的 | picture 图画 | , ... |
subtly 微妙地 | described 描绘 | interesting 有趣的 | cartoon 漫画 | |||
symbolically 象征性地 | revealed / disclosed 揭示 | eye-catching 夺人眼球的 | caricature 漫画 | |||
clearly 清晰地 | shown 揭示 | thought-provoking 发人深省的 | drawing 图画 | |||
ironically 讽刺性地 | illustrated 说明 | enlightening 具有启发性的 | painting 图画 |
- 宾从法:将图画描述信息作为一个宾语从句写入固定句式中
如:The ridiculous picture vividly portrays that…
译文:这幅滑稽的图画栩栩如生地揭示了…
该宾语从句的结构如下。
The | ridiculous 滑稽的 | picture 图画 | vividly 生动地 | portrayed 描绘 | that... |
interesting 有趣的 | cartoon 漫画 | subtly 微妙地 | described 描绘 | ||
eye-catching 夺人眼球的 | caricature 漫画 | symbolically 象征性地 | revealed / disclosed 揭示 | ||
thought-provoking 发人深省的 | drawing 图画 | clearly 清晰地 | shown 揭示 | ||
enlightening 具有启发性的 | painting 图画 | ironically 讽刺性地 | illustrated 说明 |
- 形式主语法:用it作形式主语,将真正的主语以从句的形式体现,避免头重脚轻
如:It is vividly portrayed in the ridiculous picture that…
译文:这幅滑稽的画面栩栩如生地揭示了…
该形式主语的结构如下。
It is | vividly 生动地 | portrayed 描绘 | in the | ridiculous 滑稽的 | picture 图画 | that... |
subtly 微妙地 | described 描绘 | interesting 有趣的 | cartoon 漫画 | |||
symbolically 象征性地 | revealed / disclosed 揭示 | eye-catching 夺人眼球的 | caricature 漫画 | |||
clearly 清晰地 | shown 揭示 | thought-provoking 发人深省的 | drawing 图画 | |||
ironically 讽刺性地 | illustrated 说明 | enlightening 具有启发性的 | painting 图画 |
补充:若题目中有2张图画,并且图片描述的内容相反,则用转折词联系,however、by constrast、unfortunate、yet等
评价图片(可选)
在字数不够的情况下,还可以加上以下句式对图片进行评价,如果字数已经足够,则忽略。
评价图片的常用句式
What the drawer tries to convey has profound practical significance.
译文:画家试图传达的信息具有深刻的现实意义。
By drawing deliberately, the painter successfully provokes our concern.
译文:画家通过刻意绘画,成功地引起了我们的关注。
The picture exposes a reality that everyone concerns in contemporary society.
译文:这幅画揭示了当代社会每个人都关心的一个现实问题。
Simple as the picture looks, its implicit meaning should be thought-provoking.
译文:尽管图片简单,但其内涵发人深省。
The cartoon, at first glance, seems to be simple, but the deep meaning behind it is worth pondering
译文:这幅漫画乍一看似乎很简单,但其深层含义值得深思
第二段写法
第二段一共需要写5句话。
- 第一步,重申主题 + 分析影响。
- 第二步,影响1 + 调查研究。一句话分析产生的影响,另一句话用调查研究佐证。
- 第三步,影响2 + 名人名言。一句话分析产生的影响,另一句话用名人名言佐证。
重申主题+分析影响
重申主题的常用句式
Considering the significance / seriousness of (主题词), it is necessary to point out the far-reaching consequences behind it.
译文:考虑到(主题词)的重要性/严重性,有必要指出其背后意义深远的影响。
There seems to be more than one direct or indirect effect involved in (主题词), which none of us can fail to notice.
译文:似乎不止一个直接或间接的影响与(主题词)有关,我们无法忽视这些影响。
The effects that (主题词) can exert are obvious and within easy reach.
译文:(主题词)产生的影响是显而易见的,也是不难找到的。
Some consequences / influence generated from(主题词)are as follows.
译文:(主题词)所产生的一些后果/影响如下。
After observation and consideration, some effects of (主题词) can be highlighted as follows.
译文:经过观察和思考,一些(主题词)的影响可强调如下。
It is necessary to point out the far-reaching consequences / significance of (主题词).
译文:有必要指出(主题词)背后深远的影响/意义。
(主题词) can and does have foreseeable positive consequences.
译文:(主题词)可以而且确实有可预见的积极后果。
The far-reaching consequences / significance behind it has been widely noted.
译文:其背后的深远影响/意义已得到广泛注意。
For the most past, the influence has been favorable / unfavorable, to say at least.
译文:至少可以说,在过去的大部分时间里,这种影响是有利的/不利的。
影响1+调查研究
影响2+名人名言
调查研究与名人名言本质上是一样的,因此这里放在一起讲。
引出影响的连接词
- first of all、in addition
- first、what’s more、additionally
- in the first place、in the second place
- firstl、moreover
- for one thing、for another
- on the one hand、on the other hand
四大万能理由
⭐⭐⭐
①成长、成功、发展;②知识、阅历、机会;③效率、便利、时间;④压力、身心、情操。
四大万能理由必备句式
- 分析影响类:(图画作文多用影响类)
It is generally recognized that Nothing is more important than (主题词) for (四大万能理由).
译文:对(四大万能理由)来说,(主题词)是最重要的。
(主题词) is conducive to (四大万能理由).
译文:(主题词)有助于(四大万能理由)。
可替换 is conducive to ${\longrightarrow}$ contributes to(有助于) / is responsible for(有责任)
(主题词) exerts positive influence on (四大万能理由).
译文:(主题词)对(四大万能理由)产生积极影响。
可替换 influence ${\longrightarrow}$ effect、impact
可替换 positive ${\longrightarrow}$ profound(深远的)、far-reaching(深远的)、undesirable(不良的)
(主题词), as a result of multiple causes, inevitably brings[offers] tremendous benefit / causes great harm to (四大万能理由).
译文:由于多种原因,(主题词)必然会给(四大万能理由)带来巨大的好处/损害。
(主题词) enables us / our socicty to acquire (四大万能理由).
译文:(主题词)能够使我们/社会获得(四大万能理由)。
注意:写作时需要注意句子的多样性,避免两个影响均采用同一个引入语的情况发生。
- 解释原因类:(图表作文多用原因类)
The reason why (主题词) tends to be of great importance lies in / is that (万能理由).
译文:(主题词)趋于重要的原因在于 / 是 (万能理由)。
It is generally recognized that nothing is more important than (万能理由) for (主题词).
译文:人们普遍认为,对于(主题词)来说,没有什么比(万能理由)更重要了。
One of the reasons why the (主题词) came as such a surprise / hot topic, however is (万能理由).
译文:然而,(主题词 )之所以成为一个令人惊讶或热门的话题,原因之一是 (万能理由)。
(四大万能理由) is conducive to (主题词).
译文:(四大万能理由)有助于(主题词)。
可替换 is conducive to ${\longrightarrow}$ contributes to(有助于) / is responsible for(有责任)
The (万能理由) seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of (主题词).
译文:(万能理由)似乎解释了(主题词)突然意外流行的原因。
解释原因类基本与分析影响类的句式相同,两者都可以用于图画和图表作文的写作。但是在图画作文和图表作文中使用这些句式时,需要注意其中的主题词和万能理由位置可能要互换,要根据具体语言组织。
四大万能理由相关的词汇和短语:
①成长(growth)、成功(success)、发展(development)
- 个人话题:the growth / success / prospect of individuals
- 社会话题:the development of economy / society / culture / legal system / environment
②知识(knowledge)、阅历(experience)、机会(opportunity)
- acquire adequate knowledge and experience
- 替换 acquire ${\longrightarrow}$ accumulate、enrich
- 替换 adequate knowledge ${\longrightarrow}$ useful / extensive experience、 golden opportunity
③效率(efficiency)、便利(convenience)、时间(time)
效率:efficient learning / studying、enhance our study efficiency;efficient working.、enhance our work efficiency
替换 enhance ${\longrightarrow}$ improve、develop、increase
便利:give / bring / offer great / tremendous convenience in our life
时间:waste our precious time、a total waste of our precious time
adv. 极大地 greatly、dramatically、significantly、considerably
④压力(pressure)、健康(health)、愉悦(pleasure)
健康:health、physical / mental health
压力:pressure、stress、strain
relieve / moderate a lot of physical and mental stress
give rise to / cause a lot of mental and physical stress
愉悦:bring a lot of mental and physical pleasure、puts our in a good mood improves our feelings of well-being
调查研究
调查研究的亮点设计已经在静态化设计中阐述过。这里列举一些模板。
调查研究的模板句
Depending upon a rough estimate of the relevant department, nearly 86.2% of the respondents hold the same view.
译文:根据有关部门的粗略估计,近86.2%的受访者持相同观点。
A recent Internet questionnaire of the relevant department indicates that approximately 86.2% of the respondents hold the same view.
译文:有关部门最近的一份网络问卷显示,约86.2%的受访者持相同观点。
替换:the relevant department ${\longrightarrow}$ 全球权威官方、民间机构、全球著名大学、全球著名或权威杂志
Based upon a recent official report, roughly 86.2% of the respondents hold the same view.
译文:根据最近的一份官方报告,大约86.2%的受访者持相同观点。
名人名言
名人名言的亮点设计已经在静态化设计中阐述过。
值得注意的是调查研究和名人名言的顺序不是固定的,只要确保两种论证方式和万能理由不重复出现。
第三段写法
第三段一共需要写2~3句话。
- 第一步,升华主题。对图片的寓意进行强调。
- 第二步,建议措施。对于一些需要解决的问题,提出相应的建议或解决办法。
- 第三步,展望未来。对未来趋势做出预测或对未来发展进行展望。(可选)
升华主题
升华主题的常用句式
The above-mentioned facts can naturally lead us to the conclusion that great importance should be attached to (主题词).
译文:从上述事实中我们自然地得出结论,即应该对(主题词)给予重视。
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that great importance should be attached to (主题词).
译文:根据上面的讨论,我们可以得出结论,即应高度重视(主题词)。
Taking all these factors into account, we may reach the conclusion that / it is easy to reach the conclusion that great importance should be attached to (主题词).
译文:考虑了所有的这些因素,我们可以得出结论/很容易得出结论,即应对(主题词)给予 重视。
What I want to emphasize / What can be emphasized by the above analysis is that (主题词) is of great significance.
译文:通过上述分析,我想强调的是(主题词)具有重要意义。
The merits above are only a few of what(主题词)has.
译文:上述优点仅仅是(主题词)所有优点中的一小部分。
Judging from what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at / reach the conclusion that…
译文:通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论……
In short / brief / a word / conclusion / summary, the importance of (主题词) can never be over- exaggerated.
译文:总的来说,(主题词)的重要性怎么强调都不为过。
All these factors support a rational conclusion that…
译文:所有这些因素都支持一个合理的结论,即……
Thereby / Therefore, there are abundant reasons to believe that…
译文:因此,有充分的理由相信……
The data / statistics / figures lead to the conclusion that…
译文:通过这些数据可以得出结论,……
建议措施
建议措施的常用句式
媒体:宣传、报道、揭露
Newspapers and news media should promote publicity of it / launch promotions of it.
译文:报纸和新闻媒体应该宣传报道它。
Newspapers and news media should reveal and prevent it.
译文:报纸和新闻媒体应该揭露和阻止它。
Social media should bear the responsibility of propagating and popularizing it.
译文:社交媒体须承担宣传和普及的责任。
What cannot be neglected is that vigorous promotion and advocacy are indispensable means.
译文:不可忽视的是,大力宣传和倡导是必不可少的手段。
It is pivotal to launch a certain campaign to publicize the importance of…
译文:发起某种运动来宣传……的重要性是至关重要的。
Newspapers and news media should advocate it.
译文:报纸和新闻媒体应该倡导它。
政府:制定法律和采取措施
The government should formulate better / sound laws and regulations to…
译文:政府应该完善法律法规来……
The implementation of the measures of doing (主题词) by the government should be under way.
译文:政府应该实施各项有关(主题词)的措施。
It is necessary to carry out reasonable laws and regulations to…
译文:有必要实施合理的法律法规来……
It is the responsibility of the government to formulate stricter laws to…
译文:政府有责任制定更严格的法律来……
Strict laws and disciplines can guarantee the smooth running of the society.
译文:严格的法律和纪律可以保证社会的平稳运行。
Much more could be done to encourage the development of (主题词), such as reasonable laws and regulations implemented by the government.
译文:要鼓励(主题词)的发展,还可以做很多事情,比如政府实施合理的法律法规。
For the development of (主题词) to be successful, strict laws and disciplines need to be available.
译文:(主题词)的发展要取得成功,需要有严格的法律和纪律。
Organizations and officials use the power of laws to help individuals do sth.
译文:组织和官员利用法律的力量帮助个人完成 sth.
个人:树立意识和采取行动
Everyone should cultivate a better awareness of it and take practical actions.
译文:每个人都应更好地意识到这一点,并采取实际行动。
We earnestly call for everyone to strengthen the awareness of…
译文:我们真诚地呼吁每个人都要加强……意识。
It is vital / crucial / essential for everyone to foster correct awareness.
译文:树立正确的意识对每个人来说都是重要的/关键的/必不可少的。
Individuals should foster correct values actively.
译文:个人应该主动树立正确的价值观。
Correct values are non-negligible factors in hope of solving the problem.
译文:正确的价值观是解决问题不可忽视的因素。
The establishment of awareness is the foundation of solving the problem.
译文:树立意识是解决问题的基础。
The public should cultivate a stronger awareness of it and take necessarily actions.
译文:大众应该培养更加坚固的意识,并采取必要的行动。
以上三个角度的建议措施,在实际写作中只需要写一个角度即可!
展望未来(可选)
展望未来的常用句式
If these measures can be taken effectively, a bright future must be on the way.
译文:如果这些措施能够被有效实施,光明的未来就在不远处。
Only in this way would we be bound for a better future.
译文:只有这样,我们才能拥有一个更美好的将来。
Only in this way would our life become more real and meaningful.
译文:只有这样,我们的生活才能变得更加真实和富有意义。
It is predictable that if these measures can be taken effectively, the future, by all means, will be brighter.
译文:可以预见的是,如果这些措施能够被有效实施,那么未来无论如何都会更加光明。
There are reasons to believe that if these measures can be taken effectively, the world will become a better place to live.
译文:有理由相信,如果这些措施能够被有效实施,世界将成为一个更美好的居住地。
图表作文
- **第一段:**①引出主题;②描述图表;③评价图表(可有可无)
- **第二段:**①重申主题+分析原因;②原因1+调查研究;③原因2+名人名言
- **第三段:**①升华主题;②建议措施;③展望未来(可有可无)
第一段写法
第一段一共需要写2~3句话。
- 第一步,引出主题。用一个简短的句子引出主题。
- 第二步,描述图片。对图表中的关键信息进行描述。(难点)
- 第三步,评价图片。对图表反映的问题进行评价。(可有可无)
引出主题
在实际写作中,必须首先想清楚图表反映了什么问题再动笔,否则可能会出现与第二段脱节、无法继续行文的情况。动笔之前一定要读清楚题目。
引出主题常用的句式
The chart mirrors (主题).
译文:这张图表反映了(主题)。
What the chart shows is (主题).
译文:这张图表显示的是(主题)。
(主题) can be seen from the graph.
译文:从图表中可以看出(主题)。
(主题) is clearly shown in the picture.
译文:在图表中清楚地显示了(主题)。
The diagram apparently shows (主题).
译文:这个图表清楚地显示了(主题)。
(主题) is what the chart tries to convey.
译文:(主题)是图表想要传达的信息。
It is (主题) that the chart intends to reflect.
译文:这个图表想要反映的是(主题)。
The information in the graph clearly shows that (主题).
译文:图表中的信息清楚地显示了(主题)。
The chart, in an obvious way, shows the phenomenon that (主题).
译文:这张图表明显地表明了一个现象,即(主题)。
It is not hard to judge that what the diagram means to highlight is (主题).
译文:不难判断,图中想要强调的是(主题)。
主题:
- **增加/减少:**that the number of (数据标题) has been rising / dropping consistently.
- **变化:**that the vast changes have take place with (数据标题) / have occurred in respect of (数据标题).
- **不同:**what are the obvious differences in terms of (数据标题).
拓展:替换句(饼状图 / 表格)
What is explicitly presented in the above pie chart is a set of data abou…
译文:该饼状图中清楚地显示了一组关于……的数据。
This is a pie chart which gives / compares information / statistics abou…
译文:该饼状图提供了/比较了关于……的信息/统计数据。
By carefully observing the pie chart, we easily find that it demonstrates a set of data abou…
译文:通过仔细观察该饼状图,我们很容易发现它展示了一组关于……的数据。
The pie chart / table accurately demonstrates a set of data about…
译文:该饼状图/表格准确地展示了一组关于……的数据。
拓展:替换句(柱状图 / 线状图)
In the light of the given information, it can be noticed that the number of (数据标题) has been rising consistently.
译文:根据所提供的信息,可以注意到(数据标题)的数量一直在持续上升。
What is illustrated in the line chart / bar chart shows clearly that vast changes have taken place with (数据标题).
译文:表中所示清楚地表明,(数据标题)发生了巨大的变化。
The chart above demonstrates clearly that some changes have taken place in terms of (数据标题).
译文:上图清楚地表明,在(数据标题)方面已经发生了一些变化。
Based upon the data offered, we can find that the number of (数据标题) has been increasing steadily.
译文:根据提供的数据,我们可以发现,(数据标题)的数字一直在稳步增加。
It can be seen clearly that vast changes have occurred in respect of (数据标题).
译文:可以清楚地看到,在(数据标题)方面发生了巨大的变化。
拓展:引出主题句的单词替换
- 副词:subtly微妙地、vividly生动地、clearly清晰地
- 动词:reveal揭示、suggest建议、reflect反映、mirror反映、echo反映、illustrate阐释、present显示、imply表明、indicate指出、show表明
- 形容词:visible明显的、apparent显而易见的、obvious明显的、evident清楚的、noticeable显著的、 conspicuous明显的、notable 值得注意的
- 名词:inclination趋向、trend趋势、tendency倾向
描述图表
图表描述常用词汇
数据:number、figure、statistic、data、amount
占比:
数据在后:take up、make up、account for、gain、occupy
数据在前:stand for、 be defined as、be regarded as、be referred to as
各自地,分别地:respectively
描述:show、describe、illustrate、reveal、represent
百分比:percentage、proportion
上升:increase、grow、rise、climb、expand、ascend、skyrocket、soar(快速上升)
下降:decrease、decline、 fall、 drop、 descend、 diminish、 slide、shrink、collapse
波动:rise and fall、fluctuate、wave、rebound、recover
不变:keep the same、 remain、 hold
快:fast、rapid、rapidly、quick、quickly
慢:slow、slowly
急剧:sharp、sharply、steep、steeply、dramatic、dramatically、drastic、drastically、violent、violently
轻微:slight、slightly、moderate、moderately、mild、mildly
稳定:steady、steadily
逐渐:gradual、graduall
饼状图 / 表格
- 数据变化——占比:数据在后/数据在前
数据在后,即“A占了a%”;数据在前,即“a%是A所占的比例”。
数据在后的句式:A and B take up / make up / account for / gain / ogcupy a% and b% respectively.
数据在前的句式:a% and b% stand for / are defined as / are regarded as / are referred to as A and B respectively.
- 句式变化
最高比例:the highest percentage / proportion
最少的:at the bottom of the chart
模板句式:
- A accounts for the highest percentage at x% of(主题词),followed by B at y% and C, z%.At the bottom of the chart, k% is regarded as D.
- A accounts for the highest percentage at x% of(主题词),followed by B at y% and C, z%. Within expectation, the lowest proportion occurs in D at k%.
- The total statistics are divided into… parts among which A accounts for x%, B takes up y%, C makes up z% / among which A accounts for x%, while B, C and D take up y%, z% and k% respectively.
- The total statistics are divided into… parts with A accounting for x%, B taking up y%, C making up z% / with Aescounting for x%, and y%, z% and k% are defined as B, C and D respectively.
- At its peak, A was a%, followed by B at y% and C, z%. At the bottom of the chart, k% is regared as D.
柱状图 / 线状图
- 数据变化
数据变化常用的动词和名词
上升 | 下降 | 持平 |
---|---|---|
increase | drop | maintain the same level |
rise | decline | remain stable / steady |
jump | decrease | stay constant |
clim | fall | do not chang |
常用的基本句型
从2010年的5%增长至2020年的10%
increase from 5% in 2010 to 10% in 2020
increase from 5% to 10% between 2010 and 2020
increase from 5% to 10% during 2010 and 2020
从2010年至2020年增长了5%
increase by 5% from 2010 to 2020
increase by 5% between 2010 and 2020
increase by 5% in 10 years between 2010 and 2020
★be 5% in 2010, increasing to 10% in 2020
- 句式变换
动态句式描写——副词+动词
数据标题 + 副词 + 动词 + 范围
静态句式描写——形容词+名词
There be + 形容词 + 名词 + in + 数据标题 + 数据变化.
无灵主语:时间 + witness/see + 形容词 + 名词 + in + 数据标题 + 数据变化.
静态句式描写——介词+形容词+名词
描述趋势发生逆转
描述对象 + had increased/decreased to + 数值 + by + 时间点 + before + decreasing/increasing to + 数值 + by + 时间点.(该句式通常用来描述趋势发生逆转的情况,如先上升后下降)
拓展:常用的程度词
- 形容词:sharp急剧的、dramatie剧烈的、considerable相当大的、remarkable显著的、significant有重大意义的、slow缓慢的、steady稳步的、slight微小的
- 副词:sharply急剧地、dramatically剧烈地、considerably大幅度地、remarkably显著地、signifcantly极大地、slowly缓慢地、steadily稳步地、slightly轻微地
拓展:两个句子组合
句式:S + V + O + 逻辑词, S + V + O + during the same period.
逻辑词:
相同变化:likewise、similarly、meanwhile、in the same way
相反变化:but、yet、however、unfortunately、ironically、on the contrary、in contrast
约数的表达方式
- 大于某数:可用more than、over、or more等表示
- 小于某数:可用 less than、under、or less等表示
- 大约数:可用or、orso、about、around、some、moreor less等表示
评价图表(可选)
What the chart tries to convey has profound practical significance.
译文:该图表试图传达的信息具有深刻的现实意义。
The diagram exposes a reality that everyone concerns in contemporary society.
译文:该图表揭示了一个当代社会每个人都关心的现实。
Simple as the picture looks, its implicit meaning should be thought-provoking.
译文:尽管图表看起来很简单,但其内涵是发人深省的。
We are supposed to pay close attention to the phenomenon that the chart reveals.
译文:我们应该密切关注图表所揭示的现象。
The graph, at the first glimpse, seems to be simple, but the deep meaning behind it is worth pondering.
译文:该图表乍一看似乎很简单,但其深层含义值得深思。
第二段写法
第二段一共需要写5句话。
- 第一步,重申主题+分析原因。再次简短重申主题,引入原因分析。
- 第二步,原因1+调查研究。分析造成该现象的第一个原因,用调查研究去论证。
- 第三步,原因2+名人名言。分析造成该现象的第二个原因,用名人名言去论证。
重申主题+分析原因
重申主题的常用句式
The contributing factors responsible for this phenomenon can be summarized as follows.
The phenomenon may be caused by the following factors.
What exactly contributes to this phenomenon?
It’s a thought-provoking question.
译文:导致该现象的原因可以总述如下。
This situation can be traced to a multitude of / a great number of factors; the fundamental ones, however, can be sought as follows.
译文:该情况可以归结为许多因素,其根本性因素可列举如下。
It is necessary to point out the primary causes of (主题词).
译文:有必要指出(主题词)背后最重要的原因。
The reasons that caused the phenomenon are obvious and within easy reach.
译文:导致这一现象的原因是显而易见的。
There seems to be more than one direct or indirect factor involved in (主题词).
译文:似乎不止一个直接或间接的原因与(主题词)有关。
After observation and consideration, some reasons of (主题词)can be highlighted / listed as follows.
译文:经过观察和考虑,将一些原因列举如下。
原因1+调查研究
原因2+名人名言
这一部分与图画作文中的影响1+调查研究和影响2+名人名言基本上一致。但是需要注意的是,图表作文多分析原因,图画作文多分析影响,因此在使用图画作文中的模板句式时,需要根据语义选择性将主题词和万能理由的位置互换。
比如,在图画作文中有这样的分析影响的句式:
(主题词) exerts positive influence on (四大万能理由).
译文:(主题词)对(四大万能理由)产生积极影响。
而如果将其运用在图表作文中的分析原因,需要调换主题词和万能理由的位置:
(四大万能理由) exerts positive influence on (主题词).
译文:(四大万能理由)对(主题词)产生积极影响。
值得注意的是,不是所有图画作文中的模板句式用在图表作文中都需要调换主题词和万能理由的位置,有些通用的句式是不需要更改位置的,需要根据具体想要表达的意思合理构建句子。
如果以上没理解怎么做,图画作文背1.分析影响类,图表作文背2.解释原因类。
第三段写法
第三段一共需要写2~3句话。
- 第一步,升华主题。对第二段解读的问题进行强调。
- 第二步,建议措施。对一些需要解决的问题,提出建议或解决办法。
- 第三步,展望未来。对未来趋势做出预测或对未来发展进行展望。
这三个部分的内容都与图画作文中的升华主题、建议措施和展望未来完全一致。
应用文
书信类
书信的格式
Dear _____, (注意后面有逗号) 称呼
第一段_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
第二段_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________ 正文
_______________________________________________________________________
第三段_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
(注意后面有逗号) Yours sincerely, 落款
Li Ming
- 第一段:表面身份(可有可无)+ 表面主题(写信目的)
- 第二段:展开主题 + 两点论(或三点论)
- 第三段:重申主题 + 寒暄套话(可有可无)
称呼
- 最简单直接:Dear + 直呼其名
- 不知道对方姓名:Dear / Your Esteemed + 身份(机构 / 团体)
- 机构:Dear Sir or Madam、To Whom It May Concern
- 团体:Dear friends、Dear students、Dear members
- 知道对方姓名:Dear / Your Esteemed + 身份(熟人 / 正式且有职位 / 其他情况)
- 熟人:Dear Jack
- 较正式且有职位:Dear Manager Jack
- 其他情况:Dear Mr. / Ms. + 姓
第一段写法
第一段一共需要写2句话。
- 第一步,表明身份。
- 第二步,表明主题。
表明身份(根据要求+万能身份)
- **学生类:**I am a(n) undergraduate / graduate majoring in + 专业 a freshman / sophomore / junior / senior (根据具体要求)
- **其他:**I am a roommate / reader / customer / classmate / fan (根据具体要求)
- ★***万能身份:***I am president of the Students’ Union. (学生会主席)
表明主题(写信目的)
万能句式:
- I am writing to do sth.
- ★I am writing the letter to you for the purpose of doing sth
后面可以抄作文题目中一模一样的句子,也可以自己写。
在各种书信中表达写信目的必须掌握的标志词(防止看不懂题目要写什么信导致跑题)
- 建议信:suggest 的替换词——advice、suggestion、proposal、opinion、idea
- 感谢信:thank的替换词——thanks、gratitude、appreciation
- 投诉信:complain 的替换词——complaint、dissatisfaction、indignation
- 推荐信:recommend的替换词——recommendation、 introduction、introduce
- 邀请信:invite的替换词——invitation
- 道歉信:apology的替换词——regret、sorry
- 求职信:apply for 的替换词——qualified candidate、submit、application、want to
- 询问信:inquire 的替换词——ask for、wonder、inquiry
- 辞职信:resign的替换词——quit、leave、resignation
- 申请信:apply for 的替换词——qualified candidate、submit、application、want to
- 倡议信:advocate的替换词——encourage、inspire、call for
- 祝贺信:congratulate的替换词——congratulation
- 拒绝信:decline 的替换词——cannot accept、refuse、refusal
- 慰问信:comfort 的替换词——sorry to hear
- 答复信:reply的替换词——in response to your last letter
第二段写法
第二段一共需要写3~4句话。
- 第一步,展开主题。
- 第二步,扩展点1(+调查研究/名人名言)。
- 第三步,扩展点2(+调查研究/名人名言)。
展开主题
展开主题的常用句式
Pieces of relevant details are as follows.
译文:部分相关信息如下。
Listed below is the relevant information.
译文:以下是相关信息。
The reasons / suggestions / details are as follows.
译文:原因/建议/细节如下。
The specific items of the activities are as follows.
译文:活动的具体项目如下。
The following reasons / proposals / details cannot be neglected.
译文:以下原因/建议/细节不容忽视。
Among countless reasons / proposals / details, I just name a few.
译文:在无数的原因/建议/细节中,我只举几个例子。
Some essential causes / proposals / details can be listed as follows
译文:一些重要的原因/建议/细节可以列举如下。
The following statements / suggestions / key points are at the top of my list.
译文:下面的陈述/建议/要点是我最想说的。
The following reasons / proposals / details are worth mentioning.
译文:值得一提的是以下原因/建议/细节。
Of all the points / suggestions / details concerned, I’d like to name some significant ones as follows.
译文:在所有有关的要点/建议/细节中,我想列举如下要点。
第二段段内过渡词汇
- 首先:first and foremost、in the first place、to start with、to begin with
- 其次:plus、in the second place、in addition、additionally、furthermore、moreover
- 最后:finally、lastly、more importantly、last but not leas
扩展点1和扩展点2
在考研英语写作中,80%~90%的扩展点1和2都可以套用万能词条+四大万能利用扩展,只有10%~20%的扩展点不能套用,而这10%~20%也可以利用具体要求+四大万能利用扩展,具体要求就是根据题目中所要求的写,这一部分准备不到,因此只需要保证书写正确,越简单越好,用小学英语写就可以了。
四大万能理由在图画作文中已经阐述过,这里重点讲万能词条。
万能词条
① 地点与时间
The event will be held / The activity will be organized at the auditorium / on the playground of our university from 9:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. on December 10th, 20xx.
② 合作
cooperation awareness、(a) strong awareness of cooperation、(a) good sense of cooperation and teamwork
★It is generally recognized that cooperation consciousness, under any circumstances, tends to be of great importance because it can greatly enhance our work efficiency.
Cooperation consciousness, under any circumstances, tends to be of great importance because it can exert positive influence on our work / life.
③ 掌握英语 / 汉语
be good at English / Chinese、be proficient in English / Chinese、have a good grasp of English / Chinese、have a good command of English / Chinese
You should be good at / be proficient in English / Chinese in order to communicate easily / enhance work efficiency.
You should have a good grasp of / a good command of English / Chinese in order to communicate easily / enhance work efficiency.
④ 活动
The cultural events will be held, which enable you to acquire adequate historical and cultural knowledge.
The sports events will be held, which gxert positive influence on our health both mentally and physically.
⑤ 电影 / 书 (以《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West / Journey to the West 为例)
First and foremost, the movie is full of stories which enable you to acquire adequate historical and cultural knowledge.
Additionally, the movie tells us that cooperation consciousness, under any circumstances, tends to be of enormous importance which can greatly enhance our work efficiency.
⑥ 万能景点(以长城和北海公园 The Great Wall and Beihai Park 为例)
Firstly, they have a long history, which enables you to acquire adequate historical and cultural knowledge.
Secondly, it is generally recognized that climbing the Great Wall exerts positive influence on our health both mentally and physically.
第三段写法
重申主题+寒暄套话万能句式:
Please accept my sincere gratitude to you for reading the content above. If you need to know more about it, please contact me.
译文:衷心感谢您阅读以上内容。如果您需要了解更多信息,请与我联系。
落款
第一行:
- Yours sincerely、Sincerely yours (适用于所有书信)
- Best wishes、Best regards、Yours ever (适用于私人书信)
- Affectionately、Yours affectionately、Love、Lovely (适用于关系较亲密的朋友和家人之间的书信)
- Yours faithfully、Yours truly (适用于公务书信)
**第二行:**署题目要求的写信人的全名即可。
书信类万能模板
Dear________,
I am________(自我介绍).I am writing the letter to you for the purpose of doing sth.(抄题目)
Of all the points concerned, I'd like to name the most significant ones as follows. First and foremost, _______(扩展点1). Additionally,_______(扩展点2). Last but not least, _______(可选扩展点3).
Please accept my sincere gratitude to you for reading the content above. If you need to know more about it, please contact me. / Should there be anything I can do for you, please contact me without hesitation
Truly yours,
Li Ming
通知类
通知的格式
Notice 标题
December 17th, 2024 时间
第一段 In order to___________________, we will hold a significant
event about_____________. / On behalf of our university, I am greatly
honored to___________________________.
第二段_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________ 正文
_______________________________________________________________________
第三段_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
The Student Union 落款
第一段:通知的目的。
第二段:通知事项。
第三段,期望、鼓励、建议等。
备忘录类
这种形式考研目前还没有考过,也不是重点,因此只需要记格式。
备忘录的格式
Memorandum 标题
To:_______________(All the members / staff) (注意staff后不加s) 收函人
From:_____________(Li Ming, President / The secretary) 发函人
Date:_____________(December 17th, 2024) 日期
Subject:__________(The Conference of xxx Program) 主题
第一段 In order to_______________________________________, we will
hold a significant event about________________________________________.
第二段_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________ 正文
_______________________________________________________________________
第三段_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
第一段:起因。
第二段:经过。
第三段,结果。
考研英语作文大纲新增内容
小作文
会议纪要
总体格式:
Meeting Minutes 标题
Date:____________________ 时间
Place:___________________ 地点
Participants:____________ 参加者
Presided by:_____________ 主持
Meeting Objective:_______ 目的
Meeting Agenda: 议程
Firstly,__________________________________________________________
Secondly,_________________________________________________________
Thirdly,__________________________________________________________
In addition, some details about... need to be reconfirmed with
professionals and will be sent to you subsequently by email so that we
can discuss them at our next meeting.
Submitted by: Li Ming 落款
Date: December 20th,2024 时间
会议议程模板(套用万能词条和万能理由)
Meeting Agenda:
Firstly, Zhang Wei, the chairman of the meeting, raised some important questions about sth, such as time, place, theme, etc.
Secondly, all the participants put their heads together to discuss the issues. After discussion,partial decisions on these issues were reached, which(四大万能理由)
Thirdly, the meeting chairman closed the meeting and thanked everyone for their participation and valuable suggestions.
回执函
回执函的写法与书信类的写法基本一致,参考书信类的写作方法即可。
补充:求职信类回执函模板
Dear________,
I am________(自我介绍).I am writing this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in the newspaper.
Listed below are the basic information. First and foremost, _______(扩展点1). Additionally,_______(扩展点2). Last but not least, _______(可选扩展点3).
Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. I look forward to your immediate respone.
Truly yours,
Li Ming
大作文
短文分析类
- 第一段:①引出主题;②陈述作者的观点和态度;③表明自己的观点和态度
- 第二段:①重申主题+分析原因/影响;②原因/影响1+调查研究;③原因/影响2+名人名言
- 第三段:①升华主题;②建议措施;③展望未来
短文分析类的大作文与图画图表作文的框架结构基本上相同,区别在于第一段的内容,第二和第三段可以直接套用前面的图画和图表作文的模板和句式。
第一段写法
- 引出主题
The phenomenon mentioned in the above excerpt that… is receiving more and more attention and hot discussion.
替换 mentioned ${\longrightarrow}$ described、 discussed、presented
译文:上面选段中提到的……现象正受到越来越多的关注和热议。
Simple as the phenomenon mentioned in the above excerpt is, its intended meaning is extremely thought-provoking.
译文:尽管上述摘录中提到的现象很简单,但其要表达的意思却极其发人深省。
What is presented to us in the above excerpt is extremely thought-provoking.
译文:上述摘录中呈现给我们的内容极为发人深省。
- 陈述作者的观点和态度(可以直接抄短文中的观点句)
As is presented in the excerpt, the author believes that… is of great significance for…
译文:正如摘录中所介绍的,作者认为……对……具有重大意义。
Regarding the phenomenon, the author holds a view that… is of great significance / importance / detriment / harm for…
译文:关于这一现象,作者认为……对……是非常重要的 / 重要的 / 不利的 / 有害的
- 表明自己的观点和态度(如果和作者观点相同可以直接抄作者的观点,不同则自己写)
I completely agree with the author’s view.
译文:我完全认同作者的观点。
Personally I tend to agree with the author’s view.
译文:我个人同意作者的观点。
As far as this question is concerned, I support the author’s view.
译文:就这件事来说,我支持作者的观点。
附录
写作主题词
图画作文常见主题词
序号 | 中文词义 | 英文单词 |
---|---|---|
1 | 团队精神 | team spirit |
2 | 合作 | cooperation |
3 | 耐心 | patience |
4 | 谨慎 | prudence |
5 | 坚持 | persistence、 perseverance |
6 | 努力 | endeavor |
7 | 勤奋 | diligence、 painstaking efforts |
8 | 自立 | self-dependence、 self-reliance、 independence |
9 | 创新 | innovation、 creativity |
10 | 谦虚 | modesty |
11 | 奋斗精神 | striving spirit |
12 | 竞争精神 | the spirit of competition |
13 | 逆境 | adversity |
14 | 苦难 | hardship |
15 | 成就感 | sense of achievement |
16 | 荣誉感 | sense of honor |
17 | 勤俭 | thrift |
18 | 诚信 | honesty、 integrity |
19 | 好奇 | curiosity |
20 | 自信 | self-confidence |
21 | 乐观 | optimism |
22 | 奋斗 | make arduous efforts |
23 | 毅力 | willpower |
24 | 设定目标 | set a goal |
25 | 积极的态度 | positive attitude |
26 | 理想 | ambition、 dream |
27 | 信念 | belief |
28 | 承担责任 | undertake the responsibility |
29 | 挫折 | frustration、 setback |
30 | 困难 | difficulty、 trouble |
31 | 争取机会 | strive for a good opportunity |
32 | 减压 | relieve / reduce pressure / stress / burden |
33 | 保持身心健康 | stay healthy physically and psychologically maintain physical and mental health |
34 | 激发自我潜能 | stimulate one’s potential |
35 | 时间管理 | time management |
36 | 抱怨 | complaint |
37 | 奉献 | devotion、 dedication |
38 | 责任感 | sense of responsibility |
39 | 慈善 | charity |
40 | 传统美德 | traditional virtue |
41 | 爱国主义 | patriotism |
42 | 公德 | public morality |
43 | 仁慈 | benevolence |
44 | 公共秩序 | social order |
45 | 平等 | equality |
46 | 法治 | rule of law |
47 | 敬业 | dedicate oneself to work |
48 | 友善 | friendliness、 kindness |
49 | 溺爱孩子 | spoil children、 dote on children |
50 | 孝道 | filial piety |
51 | 心态 | state of mind |
52 | 终身教育 | life-long education |
53 | 素质教育 | quality education |
54 | 探索精神 | the spirit of exploration |
55 | 培养创新思维 | cultivate / nurture foster creative / original thinking |
图画、图表作文通用主题词
序号 | 中文词义 | 英文单词 |
---|---|---|
1 | 学术腐败 | academic corruption |
2 | 剽窃、抄袭 | plagiarism |
3 | 志愿者精神 | volunteer spirit |
4 | 人口老龄化 | population aging |
5 | 城市化 | urbanization |
6 | 代沟 | generation gap |
7 | 家庭暴力 | domestic / family violence |
8 | 生物多样性 | biodiversity |
9 | 气候变化 | climate change |
10 | 温室效应 | greenhouse effect |
11 | 可再生资源 | renewable resource |
12 | 低碳经济 | low-carbon economy |
13 | 乱砍滥伐 | deforestation |
14 | 垃圾分类 | waste sorting、 garbage classification |
15 | 公共交通 | public transport |
16 | 生理健康 | physical health / fitness |
17 | 心理健康 | mental / psychological health / fitness |
18 | 体育锻炼 | physical exercise |
19 | 均衡饮食 | well-balanced diet |
20 | 垃圾食品 | junk food |
21 | 营养不良 | malnutrition |
22 | 文化融合 | cultural blending / integration / fusion |
23 | 文化交流 | cultural exchange / interaction / interchange |
24 | 文化多样性 | cultural diversity |
25 | 文化遗产 | cultural heritage / legacy |
26 | 弘扬传统文化 | advocate / carry forward traditional culture |
27 | 可持续发展 | sustainable development |
28 | 经济复苏 | economic recovery |
29 | 经济繁荣 | economic prosperity |
30 | 就业市场 | job market |
31 | 网络安全 | network security |
32 | 信息泄露 | leakage of information |
33 | 谣言 | rumor |
34 | 隐私 | privacy |
35 | 信息泛滥 | explosion of information |
36 | 在线购物 / 教育 / 服务 | online shopping / education / service |
37 | 电子商务 | e-commerce、 e-business |
38 | 互联网的普及 | the popularization of the Internet |
39 | 交通方式 | means of transportation |
40 | 能源消耗 | energy consumption |
41 | 低碳出行 | low-carbon travel |
42 | 环境问题 | environmental issue |
43 | 环境保护 | environmental protection / preservation |
44 | 再生能源 | renewable energy |
45 | 社交网络 | social network |
46 | 上网成瘾 | the Internet addiction |
47 | 网络谣言 | online rumor |
48 | 直播带货 | live-streaming sale |
49 | 团购 | group shopping |
50 | 人工智能 | artificial intelligence |
51 | 就业 | employment |
52 | 创业 | start one’s own business |
53 | 出国 | going abroad |
54 | 读研 | pursuing postgraduate study |
55 | 找工作 | job hunting |
56 | 考公务员 | take civil service exam |
57 | 公务员考试 | civil service exam |
58 | 课后活动 | extra-curricular activity |
59 | 兼职工作 | part-time job |